Wall modeling for large-eddy simulation of turbulent boundary layers

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of wall bounded flows is extrernelv expensive at high Reynolds numbers if one attempts to resolve the small but dynamically important eddies in the near-wall region. To alleviate this problem LES can be combined with a wall model. In recent years at the Center for Turbulence Research we have explored two classes of wall models: those based on turbulent boundary-layer equations and those based on control theory. An overview of these modeling approaches and their applications are provided in this article.