Visual search as a function of type of prior experience with target and distractor

In a visual search task, participants identified the presence of a unique shape against a background of homogeneous distractors. Types of prior experience with the target, the distracter, or both were examined. In 2 experiments, a preexposure (PE) phase was followed by a test phase. The test display consisted of a target that was either target or distracter in PE or novel. Distracters were either targets or distracters in PE or novel. Reaction time was fastest far novel targets with familiar distractors, irrespective of the source of familiarity, and slowest for novel targets with novel distracters. Results are discussed in terms of attentional explanations of latent inhibition (LI) and perceptual learning and of visual search phenomena, such as novel popout. LI, previously attributed only to a deficit in the stimulus preexposed group, may also be due to enhanced performance in the nonpreexposed group.