Multi-unit spike-triggered averaging: a method for probing the physiology of central synapses

We describe the ongoing development of a method that combines multi-unit extracellular recording with intracellular recording to probe unitary synaptic connections in the central nervous system. In multi-unit spike-triggered averaging (multi-unit STA), intracellular recordings are averaged based on extracellularly recorded action potentials from multiple units to rapidly screen large numbers of neuronal pairs for rare synaptic connections. High throughput is achieved by using many extracellular electrodes and online, automated analysis. Using this approach, we were able to screen dozens of candidate pairs per hour. About 1-2% of these were synaptically connected, and for some of these presynaptic unit isolation was sufficient to accurately quantify synaptic properties such as latency, conductance, kinetics and transmission failure rate. Since it requires only a single intracellular recording, multi-unit STA might be a suitable method for probing unitary synaptic connections in the intact brain, where obtaining multiple intracellular recordings is not feasible. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.