Kinetics of the chrysotile and brucite dehydroxylation reaction: a combined non-isothermal/isothermal thermogravimetric analysis and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction study

The dehydroxylation reactions of chrysotile Mg3Si2O5(OH)(4) and brucite Mg(OH)(2) were studied under inert nitrogen atmosphere using isothermal and non-isothermal approaches. The brucite decomposition was additionally studied under CO2 in order to check the influence of a competing dehydroxylation/carbonation/decarbonisation reaction on the reaction kinetics. Isothermal experiments were conducted using in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction, whereas non-isothermal experiments were performed by thermogravimetric analyses. All data were treated by model-free, isoconversional approaches ('time to a given fraction' and Friedman method) to avoid the influence of kinetic misinterpretation caused by model-fitting techniques. All examined reactions are characterised by a dynamic, non-constant reaction-progress-resolved ('alpha'resolved) course of the apparent activation energy E-a and indicate, therefore, multi-step reaction scenarios in case of the three studied reactions. The dehydroxylation kinetics of chrysotile can be subdivided into three different stages characterised by a steadily increasing E-a (alpha <= 15 %, 240-300 kJ/mol), before coming down and forming a plateau (15 % <= alpha <= 60 %, 300-260 kJ/mol). The reaction ends with an increasing E-a (alpha >= 60 %, 260-290 kJ/mol). The dehydroxylation of brucite under nitrogen shows a less dynamic, but generally decreasing trend in E-a versus a (160-110 kJ/mol). In contrast to that, the decomposition of brucite under CO2 delivers a dynamic course with a much higher apparent Ea characterised by an initial stage of around 290 kJ/mol. Afterwards, the apparent E-a comes down to around 250 kJ/mol at alpha similar to 65 % before rising up to around 400 kJ/mol. The delivered kinetic data have been investigated by the z(alpha) master plot and generalised time master plot methods in order to discriminate the reaction mechanism. Resulting data verify the multi-step reaction scenarios (reactions governed by more than one rate-determining step) already visible in E-a versus alpha plots.