One dimensional models for pressure drop, empirical equations for void fraction and frictional pressure drop and pressure drop and other effects in fittings

This chapter considers overall methods for pressure drop in gas liquid two-phase flow in pipes. The various elements of pressure drop are identified. Empirical methods are presented. The performance of these equations against available data are reported. Pressure drop in two-phase flow on the shell side of tube bundles is then considered. Geometries other than pipes are then considered. Firstly, pressure drop across fittings such and expansions and contractions are examined. Secondly, other aspects of two-phase flow at fittings are reviewed. Finally, the division of phase split at T-junctions is studied.