Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment

被引：7

作者：

Amenomori, M.

Ayabe, S.

Chen, D.

Cui, S. W.

Danzengluobu

Ding, L. K.

Ding, X. H.

Feng, C. F.

Feng, Z. Y.

Gao, X. Y.

Geng, Q. X.

Guo, H. W.

He, H. H.

He, M.

Hibino, K.

Hotta, N.

Hu, Haibing

Hu, H. B.

Huang, J. ^{[1
]}

Huang, Q.

Jia, H. Y.

Kajino, F.

Kasahara, K.

Katayose, Y.

Kato, C.

Kawata, K.

Labaciren

Le, G. M.

Li, J. Y.

Lu, H.

Lu, S. L.

Meng, X. R.

Mizutani, K.

Mu, J.

Munakata, K.

Nagai, A.

Nanjo, H.

Nishizawa, M.

Ohnishi, M.

Ohta, I.

Onuma, H.

Ouchi, T.

Ozawa, S.

Ren, J. R.

Saito, T.

Sakata, M.

Sasaki, T.

Shibata, M.

Shiomi, A.

Shirai, T.

机构：

[1] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[2] Hirosaki Univ, Dept Phys, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan

[3] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan

[4] Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan

[5] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[6] Tibet Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Lhasa 850000, Peoples R China

[7] Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China

[8] SW Jiaotong Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China

[9] Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China

[10] Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan

[11] Utsunomiya Univ, Fac Educ, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218505, Japan

[12] Konan Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6588501, Japan

[13] Shibaura Inst Technol, Fac Syst Engn, Omiya, Saitama 3378570, Japan

[14] Shinshu Univ, Dept Phys, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan

[15] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Applicat Res, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China

[16] Utsunomiya Univ, Adv Media Network Ctr, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218585, Japan

[17] Natl Inst Informat, Tokyo 1018430, Japan

[18] Tokyo Metropolitan Coll Aeronaut Engn, Tokyo 1160003, Japan

[19] Shonan Inst Technol, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2518511, Japan

[20] Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

[21] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan

来源：

ASTROPHYSICS | 2006年 / 37卷 / 10期

基金：

日本学术振兴会;

关键词：

cosmic rays; gamma-family; neural network; proton; knee region;

D O I：

10.1016/j.asr.2005.11.018

中图分类号：

V [航空、航天];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0825 ;

摘要：

Simultaneous observation of gamma-families and their accompanying air showers was performed at Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level) in Tibet with the emulsion chambers and burst detectors which were linked with the Tibet-II air-shower array. For three years operation, we observed 177 gamma-families (Sigma E-gamma > 20 TeV) accompanying air showers with the size N-e > 2 x 10(5). Using this data and the simulation code CORSIKA, we obtained the primary proton spectrum in the energy range of 10(15)-10(16) eV. The slope of the observed spectrum is steeper than that extrapolated smoothly from the lower energy region below 10(14) eV, irrespective of the interaction models assumed in the simulation. The uncertainty of the absolute flux of protons due to the interaction model dependence involved in the simulation codes is at most 30%, which is much weaker than results of other air-shower experiments. Our experiment shows low intensity of light components (proton and helium) independent of the interaction models suggesting that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium. This is the first measurement of the differential energy spectra of primary protons by selecting them event by event at the knee energy region. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：1938 / 1943

页数：6

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