[1] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
[2] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Sect Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, Div Gen Surg,Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
[3] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
[4] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA