A parental guidance patterns in the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study in Indonesian school

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts the educational process in schools in Indonesia. Online learning schemes are applied as an alternative to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to map effective patterns of parental guidance during the online learning process amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a mixed scheme between case study and literature study methods, this literature study was carried out by analyzing previous studies on the topic "parental guidance pattern" and "online learning during a pandemic". Data were sourced from several relevant articles published from 2020 to 2021. The data were then analyzed using inter-actively, quantitatively, and biometric methods with the VOSviewer application. The data analysis showed that the pattern of parental guidance must be tailored to the child's needs. In online learning, parents serve as facil-itators, motivators, supervisors, and guides. The level of children's education also affects the pattern of parental guidance. In addition, communication between teachers and parents must also be well established so that the learning process can function effectively and efficiently and achieve optimal learning outcomes.