Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Distribution Networks Considering High PV Penetration

The question of how energy storage can be used efficiently and effectively in distribution networks is open and ongoing. This work explores optimal allocation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in distribution networks to maximize their support in integrating high penetration solar photovoltaics (PV). A genetic algorithm (GA)-based multi-layer multi-objective optimization model is developed that minimizes the voltage deviation caused by high PV penetration and decreases energy loss in the distribution system while also accounting for the BESS capital and operational lifetime. The optimization problem considers BESS unit capacities, BESS installation points in the network and the cumulative BESS capacity of the network as decision variables. Siting constraints that would play a practical role in resource allocation, such as construction limitations, environmental and visual impacts are not included in the model. A case study with the IEEE 8500-Node test feeder is carried out to discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show a clear connection between BESS sizing and siting decisions and voltage deviation reduction benefits in a distribution network.