Differences in Exposure to Nicotine, Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines, and Volatile Organic Compounds among Electronic Cigarette Users, Tobacco Smokers, and Dual Users from Three Countries

被引:13
|
作者
Smith, Danielle M. [1 ]
Shahab, Lion [2 ]
Blount, Benjamin C. [3 ]
Gawron, Michal [4 ]
Kosminder, Leon [4 ]
Sobczak, Andrzej [4 ]
Xia, Baoyun [3 ]
Sosnoff, Connie S. [3 ]
Goniewicz, Maciej L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Roswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Hlth Behav, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
[2] UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1-19 Torrington Pl, London WC1E 6BT, England
[3] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
[4] Med Univ Silesia, Dept Gen & Inorgan Chem, Katowice Fac Pharmaceut Sci Sosnowiec, Jagiellonska 4, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
e-cigarettes; harm reduction; vaping; nicotine; toxicants; global health; URINE; CARCINOGEN; ACROLEIN;
D O I
10.3390/toxics8040088
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Country-level differences in nicotine vaping products used and biomarkers of exposure among long-term e-cigarette users and dual users remain understudied. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in the United States (n = 166), United Kingdom (n = 129), and Poland (n = 161). We compared patterns of tobacco product use and nicotine and toxicant exposure among cigarette-only smokers (n = 127); e-cigarette-only users (n = 124); dual users of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes (n = 95); and non-users (control group, n = 110) across three countries using mixed-effects linear regression. Compared with cigarette smokers, e-cigarette-only users had lower levels of toxicant biomarkers, but higher levels of nicotine biomarkers. Dual users had higher levels of toxicant biomarkers than e-cigarette-only users but similar levels to cigarette-only smokers. E-cigarette users in Poland, who overwhelmingly used refillable tank devices, exhibited greater levels of nicotine, and toxicant biomarkers relative to e-cigarette users in US/UK. Despite smoking fewer cigarettes, dual users from Poland exhibited similar levels of nicotine biomarkers compared with UK dual users, but higher than US dual users. Country-level differences in e-cigarette devices used and smoking behaviors (e.g., intensity) may contribute to differences in biomarker levels among users of the same products residing in different countries.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 18
页数:18
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