A carrier phase batch processor for differential Global Positioning System: simulation and real-data results

A differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) single-frequency carrier phase (CP) batch processor is developed in this paper. Both single difference (SD) and double difference (DD) formulations are provided. The batch processor applies a novel geometry correction directly to the SD carrier phase measurements and not to the geometry matrix. The SD geometry correction has significant computational benefits when the solution is iterated, since the geometry matrix does not need to be recalculated for each of the iteration steps. The paper provides batch processor results for simulations over a 10 km static baseline as well as results for measured GPS data collected over a 5 km static baseline. Benefits and disadvantages of carrier phase only processing are discussed in reference to error sources and ambiguity resolution. Special attention is given to the impact of slowly varying measurement errors during the batch data window on the carrier phase position solution.