Larger protests are more likely to lead to policy changes than small ones are, but whether or not attendance estimates provided in news or generated from social media are biased is an open question. This letter closes the question: news and geolocated social media data generate accurate estimates of protest size variation. This claim is substantiated using cellphone location data from more than 10 million individuals during the 2017 United States Women's March protests. These cellphone estimates correlate strongly with those provided in news media as well as three size estimates generated using geolocated tweets, one text-based and two based on images. Inferences about protest attendance from these estimates match others' findings about the Women's March.
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Univ Amsterdam, Dept Media Studies, New Media & Digital Culture, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Amsterdam, Dept Media Studies, New Media & Digital Culture, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Poell, Thomas
Abdulla, Rasha
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Amer Univ Cairo, Dept Journalism & Mass Commun, New Cairo, EgyptUniv Amsterdam, Dept Media Studies, New Media & Digital Culture, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Abdulla, Rasha
Rieder, Bernhard
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Univ Amsterdam, Dept Media Studies, New Media & Digital Culture, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Amsterdam, Dept Media Studies, New Media & Digital Culture, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Rieder, Bernhard
Woltering, Robbert
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Univ Amsterdam, Dept Arab Language & Culture, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Amsterdam Ctr Middle Eastern Studies, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Amsterdam, Dept Media Studies, New Media & Digital Culture, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Woltering, Robbert
Zack, Liesbeth
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Univ Amsterdam, Dept Arab Language & Culture, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Amsterdam, Dept Media Studies, New Media & Digital Culture, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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SUNY Buffalo, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Buffalo, NY USASUNY Buffalo, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Buffalo, NY USA
Hamstead, Zoe A.
Fisher, David
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Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USASUNY Buffalo, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Buffalo, NY USA
Fisher, David
Ilieva, Rositsa T.
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New Sch, Urban Syst Lab, New York, NY USASUNY Buffalo, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Buffalo, NY USA
Ilieva, Rositsa T.
Wood, Spencer A.
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Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USASUNY Buffalo, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Buffalo, NY USA
Wood, Spencer A.
McPhearson, Timon
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New Sch, Urban Syst Lab, New York, NY USA
Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA
Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, SwedenSUNY Buffalo, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Buffalo, NY USA
McPhearson, Timon
Kremer, Peleg
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Villanova Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Villanova, PA 19085 USASUNY Buffalo, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Buffalo, NY USA