THE ROLE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CHICKEN HEALTH, INTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNITY

The actual functioning of the intestinal tract of chicken and its wellbeing are key elements in determining chicken health and performance. Many complicated mechanisms are engaged in the adaptation of gastrointestinal tract functioning and wellbeing. The intestinal tract of chicken is heavily colonized with microbes, which directly interrelate with the host. The gut microbiota has been displayed to principally influence chicken well-being via several functions in relation to diet, immune response, and other physical indices. Intestinal microbiota assists by supplying nutrients from low nutritious feeds and moderating the growth of gastrointestinal tract and immune functions. In response, host delivers a lenient environment and nutrients for microbial establishment and development. Modifying the intestinal microbiota may help the host in terms of good health and proper functioning. The idea of administering favorable microorganisms to the feed has led to the advancement of feed additives especially prebiotics and probiotics. The intestinal microbiota is quickly variable by feed, antibiotics, contamination by microbes, and other host and environmental factors. The capability to deliberately influence the intestinal microbiota by supplying nutritional elements, moderating host immune system, inhibiting microbial gut establishment, or increasing gut barrier function has led to many new techniques to inhibit disease chances, however, it led to enhanced weight gain, carcass production and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Moreover, the application of genomics (next-generation sequencing platforms and sequence database) will be economical, easy to use, and capable of dealing with the nature of poultry and the food safety requirements.