Numerical simulation of hot gas nozzle flows

A numerical method for the simulation of hot gas nozzle flows is explained. This method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in a finite volume context. Numerical simulations of the Vulcain and Vulcain 2 separated nozzle flows are presented. For these simulations, three different gas models were used: The gas was assumed to be either a) a perfect gas, b) in chemical equilibrium, or c) in chemical nonequilibrium. Comparisons with experimental data are provided. Free-shock separation, restricted-shock separation and cap-shock patterns are discussed. Postcombustion in the shear layer where the hydrogen-rich nozzle gas mixes with the ambient air is investigated.