EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE ON CARDIAC CHARACTERISTICS MEASURED USING RADIOGRAPHY AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN SIX HEALTHY DOGS

Dexmedetomidine is a highly specific and selective alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist widely used in dogs for sedation or analgesia. We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine may cause significant changes in radiographic and echocardiographic measurements. The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to test this hypothesis in a sample of six healthy dogs. Staff-owned dogs were recruited and received a single dose of dexmedetomidine 250 mu g/m(2) intravenously. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography were performed 1 h before treatment, and repeated 10 and 30 min after treatment, respectively. One observer recorded cardiac measurements from radiographs and another observer recorded echocardiographic measurements. Vertebral heart score and cardiac size to thorax ratio on the ventrodorsal projection increased from 9.8 +/- 0.6 v to 10.3 +/- 0.7 v ( P = 0.0007) and 0.61 +/- 0.04 to 0.68 +/- 0.03 ( P = 0.0109), respectively. E point-to-septal separation and left ventricle internal diameter in diastole and systole increased from 2.4 +/- 1.1 to 6.6 +/- 1.9 mm, 32.3 +/- 8.1 to 35.5 +/- 8.8 mm, and 19.4 +/- 6 to 27.0 +/- 7.2 mm, respectively ( P < 0.05). Fractional shortening and sphericity index decreased from 40.7 +/- 5.8 to 24.4 +/- 2.9%, and 1.81 +/- 0.07 to 1.58 +/- 0.04, respectively ( P < 0.05). Moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation and mild pulmonic regurgitation occurred in all dogs after dexmedetomidine administration. Findings indicated that dexmedetomidine could cause false-positive diagnoses of valvular regurgitation and cardiomegaly in dogs undergoing thoracic radiography and echocardiography. (C) 2015 American College of Veterinary Radiology.