Wigner crystal versus Friedel oscillations in the one-dimensional Hubbard model

We analyze the fermion density of the one-dimensional Hubbard model using bosonization and numerical density matrix renormalization group calculations. For finite systems we find a relatively sharp crossover even for moderate short-range interactions into a region with 4k(F) density waves as a function of density. The results show that the unstable fixed point of a spin-incoherent state can dominate the physical behavior in a large region of parameter space in finite systems. The crossover may be observable in ultracold fermionic gases in optical lattices and in finite quantum wires.