Biomiarkers, Early Diagnosis, and Clinical Predictors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

The pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is multifactorial, and the clinical phenotype of BPD is extremely variable. Several clinical and laboratory biomarkers have been proposed for the early identification of infants at higher risk of BPD and for determination of prognosis of infants with a diagnosis of BPD. The authors review available literature on prediction tools and biomarkers of BPD, using clinical variables and biomarkers based on imaging, lung function measures, and measurements of various analytes in different body fluids that have been determined to be associated with BPD either in a targeted manner or by unbiased omic profiling.