Milk bars, starbucks and the uses of literacy

The starting point for this article is the passage on 'The Juke-Box Boys' in Richard Hoggart's The Uses of Literacy. This passage is often cited as evidence Of Hoggart's residual, Leavisite suspicion of mass culture and his nostalgia for more 'authentic' working-class culture. This article moves beyond this critique by discussing Hoggart's account in relation to the broader historical shifts signalled by the development of milk and coffee bars in postwar Britain, and their more recent replacement by corporate fast-food and coffee chains. It argues that Hoggart's critique was not simply a knee-jerk fear of the new; it fed into more widespread anxieties which long predate the media invention of the 'teenager' or the emergence of organized youth subcultures. These anxieties were not simply about mass culture and Americanization, but also about cultural literacy, class, the relationship between the public and private sphere, and the losses and gains Of rising a affluence-concerns that have been increasingly submerged in post-Thatcherite political culture.