Development and Validation of an HPLC Method Using a Less Hazardous Mobile Phase for the Determination of some β-Lactams

A simple, cost-effective, and greener HPLC method was investigated to determine 14 beta-lactams. To achieve this, various strategies were implemented such as the use of an aqueous mobile phase, ionic liquids, or an alternative organic solvent. Preliminary experiments were conducted using "one-factor-at-a-time" to identify the significant factors affecting chromatographic performance. The experimental design (central composite design) was then applied to thoroughly examine the effects of the key factors and exploit them to achieve optimal HPLC condition. The developed method was less hazardous and improved the retention and peak shape, compared with other conventional methods. The optimized assay condition was validated according to the ICH guidelines and effectively applied for the quantification of some beta-lactams in various formulations. These results imply that this novel HPLC method can be employed for routine analyses of some beta-lactams in pure drug and commercial formulations.