Production, Structural properties Nano biochar and Effects Nano biochar in soil: A review

Due to greenhouse gas emissions and land-use change, the world climate and its geographical climate are changing. Due to population growth and increasing industrial and agricultural activities, the emission of carbon compounds and gases into the environment is increasing. For this reason, in addition to wasting energy, the environment is also polluted. With proper management and technology, the emission of such gases can be reduced to carbon solids. These carbon solids, called "biochar", have a variety of applications in various industries, including agriculture. Bio char can be transformed into Nano biochar by applying processes. In this case, the physical and chemical properties of this valuable material increase and the reduction of pollutant emissions, soil remediation, energy production and waste control is done in a more favorable way. In the recent past, the area under cultivation increased in order to increase agricultural production. This practice has now changed somewhat, and researchers and farmers are looking for ways to increase production per unit area. However, increasing production per unit area in some cases leads to pressure on the cultivated land. In this case, if not properly managed, over-harvesting of nutrients from the soil will occur and after a certain period of time, the soil will be depleted of such valuable elements. In such cases, one of the most effective ways is to add soil remedies. These modifiers are added to improve the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the soil. One of these substances, which also increases the efficiency of fertilizer and irrigation water, is biochar. Biochar can also be called Nano biochar due to its structural properties. The addition of Nano biochar improves the plant culture environment and helps in proper soil management.