Pterichis aragogiana Kolan. & Szlach. sp. nova Orchidaceae) is described and illustrated based on Ecuadorian material. It can be distinguished from other species of sect. Pterichis by the narrow, almost linear petals, sepals with almost caudate apical portions, prominent lip middle lobe which is longer than the basal part of the lip, and by the apical part of the lip middle lobe which is non-fleshy and lacks any distinctive glands. So far two populations of P. aragogiana are known, both from paramo in the Andean region.