Physical study of spatter and melt pool dynamics during millisecond laser metals drilling

Understanding spatter and melt pool dynamics during laser drilling remains a topic of considerable importance to determine the quality of processed materials. Due to metallic materials' opacity to visible radiation, we studied the spatter dynamics outside of holes during laser drilling using shadow mapping. A 2D transient model for simulating laser material processing was implemented using COMSOL commercial Multiphysics software and the spatter phenomena and melt pool dynamics were assessed. The results can be used as a basis to explain the different processes involved in the material properties during laser processing, which is a powerful tool to understand spatter' formation mechanism and provide theoretical references for optimizing processing parameters.