A Review of Physical Mechanisms of Radiofrequency Interaction with Biological Systems

A number of possible physical mechanisms for radiofrequency (RF) interactions with biological systems have been proposed over the past 50 years. Evaluation of proposed mechanisms of interaction suggests there is no physical reason to expect a low-level non-thermal effect between 100 MHz and 150 GHz, possibly excepting those conditions suitable for radical pair effects on biochemical rates. Experimental and theoretical work suggest that demodulation of RF below a few MHz is possible but practical only at much lower frequencies. In all cases, externally applied fields must be on the order of or exceed endogenous fields to affect biological processes. Most likely, low-level non thermal RF bioeffects do not exist between 10 MHz and several hundred gigahertz.