The aim of the article is to evaluate the existing possibilities to regulate monopolies and oligopolies, and to determine, what form the public policy against monopoly should be implemented in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. When dealing with these issues, we have analysed the existing approaches of economic theory to the issue of interference or non-interference to the existence and operation of the monopoly (and oligopoly). We reviewed the possible benefits of regulation and the cost of regulation. We also compared the benefits of regulation with the benefits and negatives of non-interference into the imperfect market structure. On the basis of the experience of the implementation of antitrust policy in Slovakia, we have recommended changes in the approach of the state to the regulation of monopolies. Typical monopolies are usually power plants, distribution networks for elektricity, gasworks and waterworks. In most countries, these energy companies have arisen as a state businesses at the time, when was built the basic energy infrastructure. To date, little has changed in the world in this area. Gaz de France, Ruhrgas, Enel, Gazprom, E.ON, ?EZ and other companies remained state or parastatal. In Slovakia has taken place in this sector the extensive privatization. The paradox, however, is that these strategic enterprises (SPP and other) were sold to the state or parastatal companies in foreign countries. The result of this is the fact that today they employ only 3.2% people in the industry, while their sales reaching up to 16.6% of the entire industry. The total profit in this industry is up 48%. Gross profitability of companies in the energy sector in Slovakia is almost three times higher in comparison with Germany. It is caused also by wrong state regulatory policy. As a result, they are extremely high profits of companies and high prices of energy in Slovakia. There are three options for resolving this situation. The first option is to provide a substantially stronger regulation of the final prices for retail customers and wholesalers. The second option consists in a special taxation for these companies. A third option is to buy back shares of these companies.
