Ionospheric fields excited by sources located in the Earth-ionosphere irregular waveguide

The ionospheric fields excited by arbitrarily oriented VLF transmitters (electric or magnetic dipoles) located in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide are treated. The formulation allows for an irregular (in two directions) waveguide as well as for an anisotropic ionosphere. The transverse sections method was used for the solution of the waveguide problems. Numerical techniques have been developed. The diurnal variations of the field components excited in the low ionosphere and at satellite altitudes by ground-based dipoles have been calculated for some paths. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.