Long-term remission of small cell lung cancer after reactivation of tuberculosis following immune-checkpoint blockade: A case report

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide a promising treatment option for advanced tumors including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Nevertheless, in addition to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), an increased risk of infection including tuberculosis has been previously described. Here, we report a case of long-term remission of a patient with SCLC after reactivation of lung tuberculosis following ICI therapy. Our case illustrates the complexity of ICI-associated immune modulation in tuberculosis. Since new lesions in lung cancer patients are commonly associated with tumor progression, infections with mycobacterial tuberculosis may be underdiagnosed in lung cancer.