A cross-sectional study of epidemiological determinants for Covid-19 infection among nurses of a tertiary care hospital

BACKGROUND: All health care workers including nurses are working in the frontline against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), which keeps them at high risk of getting infected. This study was conducted to identify risk factors for Covid-19 infection and compliance to Covid appropriate behavior among nurses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 nurses in a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college in Mumbai, from April 2020 to December 2020. Data were collected telephonically using an interviewer-administered pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the nurses was 38.19 +/- 12.14 years. The majority (80.7%) were exposed to Covid-19 while taking active care of Covid patients; a total of 108 (72%) were symptomatic at the time of testing; dietary modifications because of fear of Covid were performed by 121 (80.2%); 92.77% used the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) category according to the workplace; 121 (80.77%) followed all steps of donning and doffing at all times, and 19 (12.77%) reported a breach in PPE. A greater proportion of nurses working in Covid duties opted for hospital isolation than home isolation (p = 0.003). Risk factors such as sleep, shift duty, shift pattern, food timing, mode of travel, and type of PPE during travel were also found to be significantly associated with work type - Covid versus non-Covid (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Use of workplace appropriate PPE, proper donning and doffing facilities, duty shifts with a fixed duration, adequate hand hygiene practices, and regular food intake with adequate sleep can prevent Covid-19 infection at the workplace among nurses.