Genomic insights into a novel species Rhodoferax aquaticus sp. nov., isolated from freshwater

A novel non-phototrophic member of the genus Rhodoferax was obtained from freshwater. The purpose of this study was to analyse the genome of a nonphototrophic strain and propose a new species based on its phylogenetic, genomic. physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences supports that the strain, designated Gr-4(T), has a close relationship to the genus Rhodoferax. The observed average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain Gr-4(T) and its closest related strains were 72.3-74.6%and 21.9-22.8%, respectively. These values were much lower than the species separation thresholds for ANI or dDDH of 95-96 and 70%, respectively, and in fact fall in the intergeneric range. Strain Gr-4(T) does not contain RuBisCO-related genes, but does contain GS/GOGA(T) pathway-related genes enabling nitrate ammonification. A polyphasic study and a genomic-level investigation were done to establish the taxonomic status of strain Gr-4(T). Based on the phylogenetic, genomic and physiological differences, it is proposed that the isolate be classified to the genus Rhodoferax as Rhodoferax aquaticus sp. nov. with isolate Gr-4(T) (=KCTC 32394(T)=JCM 19166(T)) as the type strain.