In vitro synergistic cytoreductive effects of zoledronic acid and radiation on breast cancer cells

Introduction Bisphosphonates are mostly used in the treatment of bone metastases. They have been shown to act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents. It is not known, however, whether similar synergistic effects exist with radiation on breast cancer cells. Methods Human MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with up to 100 mu M zoledronic acid, were irradiated with up to 800 cGy or were exposed to combinations of both treatments to determine the antiproliferative effects of zoledronic acid and radiation. Results Zoledronic acid and radiation caused a dose-dependent and time-dependent decrease in cell viability ( approximate 50% growth inhibition values were 48 mu M and 20 mu M for 24 hours and 72 hours, respectively, for zoledronic acid and 500 cGy for radiation). A synergistic cytotoxic effect of the combination of zoledronic acid and radiation was confirmed by isobologram analysis. Conclusion These data constitute the first in vitro evidence for synergistic effects between zoledronic acid and radiation. This combination therapy might thus be expected to be more effective than either treatment alone in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma.