Pore-scale identification of residual morphology and genetic mechanisms of nano emulsified vegetable oil in porous media using 3D X-ray microtomography

The application of emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) has attracted widespread attention in environmental remediation. Residual morphology is an important factor affecting its migration and mass transfer. However, proper identification of the EVO residual morphology at pore-scale has still remained a challenging task. Hence, this study aimed to identify the residual morphology of nanoscale EVO (NEVO) through developing a method combining natural breaks with 3D X-ray microtomography, then further explore the genetic mechanism of each residual morphology to verify the rationality of this method. The results showed that the natural breaks method can effectively classify the residual morphology of NEVO. Four morphologies including cluster, throat, corner, and membrane state were obtained from coarse, medium, and fine sands with a total proportion of 18.3%, 26.2%, and 30.8%. The cluster slate was the main residual morphology, accounting for 10.0- 16.2%, then followed by corner-throat state and membrane state. Pore radius, throat radius, and length were confirmed providing sufficient evidences for cluster residues, because these factors determined the connectivity of porous media for the trapping of droplets. Comparison of the theoretical and actual results implied that capillarity coupling pore throat shape jointly controlled corner and throat residues. Grain surface roughness and specific surface area were the main factors of membrane residue. The different residual morphologies of NEVO identified by the natural breaks method can reasonably explain their magnitude and controlling mechanisms, which in turn confirms the rationality of this method. Although the proportions of each form are related to the experimental conditions, the classification method and mechanism are of great significance for understanding NEVO residues. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights resented.