On the dipole straylight contamination in spinning space missions dedicated to cosmic microwave background anisotropy

We present an analysis of the dipole straylight contamination (DSC) for spinning space missions designed to measure cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. Although this work is mainly devoted to the Planck project, it is relatively general and allows us to focus on the most relevant DSC implications. We first study a simple analytical model for the DSC in which the pointing direction of the main spillover can be assumed parallel or not to the spacecraft spin axis direction and compute the time-ordered data and map. The map is then analysed paying particular attention to the DSC of the low-multipole coefficients of the map. Through dedicated numerical simulations, we verify the analytical results and extend the analysis to higher multipoles and to more complex (and realistic) cases by relaxing some of the simple assumptions adopted in the analytical approach. We find that the systematic effect averages out in an even number of surveys, except for a contamination of the dipole itself that survives when spin axis and spillover directions are not parallel and for a contamination of the other multipoles in the case of complex scanning strategies. In particular, the observed quadrupole can be affected by the DSC in an odd number of surveys or in the presence of survey uncompleteness or overcompleteness. Various aspects relevant in CMB space projects (such as implications for calibration, impact on polarization measurements, accuracy requirement in the far beam knowledge for data analysis applications and scanning strategy dependence) are discussed.