Cu dopant triggering remarkable enhancement in activity and durability of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction

Doping of a second metal has been becoming a valid strategy to further improve the catalytic performance of Fe-N-C catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A highly efficient Cu-Fe-N-C electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction has been prepared by pyrolyzing the precursor of Cu(OH)(2)-Fe(OH)(3)@ZIF-8 (ZIF = zeolitic imidazolate framework) followed by acid treatment. The impact of Cu dopant on the Cu-Fe-N-C electrocatalysts have been fully investigated through various techniques, demonstrating that the Cu/Fe molar ratio in the feedstock (CuCl2/FeCl3) significantly influences the resultant Cu-Fe-N-C catalysts in terms of the morphologies, carbon texture (e.g. surface area, pore structure) as well as the distribution of different types of doped N atoms, which clearly determine the ORR performance (activity and durability) of the Cu-Fe-N-C catalysts. The best-performance Cu-Fe-N-C-1-900-AT exhibits a higher half-wave potential (E-1/2) of 0.88 V (vs. RHE) (30 mV higher than the commercial Pt/C) in alkaline electrolyte, and a half-wave potential of 0.79 V (vs. RHE) comparable to Pt/C in acidic electrolyte. Moreover, an enhanced durability in both alkaline (Delta E-1/2 = 5 mV after 10,000 cycles) and acidic media (Delta E-1/2 = 20 mV after 10,000 cycles) is also observed with Cu-Fe-N-C-1-900-AT compared to Fe-N-C-900 and Cu-N-C-900. The zinc-air battery based on Cu-Fe-N-C-1-900-AT as cathode catalyst exhibits a peak power density of 140 mW cm(-2) superior to the reference Pt/C catalyst (74 mW cm(-2)), and an impressive durability with only ca. 4.3% decay in the output voltage for 50 h at 20 mA cm(-2).