Sintering behavior and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 added with BaO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glass phase

In this study, the low-temperature sintering of BaTiO3 (BT) and densification were achieved by introducing glass-phase 40BaO-20Bi(2)O(3)-40B(2)O(3) (BBB, mol%). This incorporation of BBB glass in BT, by varying the particle size and amount of composites, significantly affected the sintering behavior and the final dielectric performance of BT. In the sintering route, the optimum BBB glass particle size was slightly larger than that of the BT host powders. Such liquid-phase glasses, when used as a sintering aid, not only visibly improved the grain refinement of the BT ceramics, but also greatly reduced the sintering temperature of BT from 1300 to 600 degrees C without forming a secondary phase. Notably, the dielectric properties and fine densification of the samples were optimal at a sintering temperature of 800 degrees C. Therefore, BBB glass as a sintering aid is promising and beneficial for lowering the sintering temperature of BT.