Development of three-dimensional underwater localization method using electromagnetic wave E-plane attenuation pattern

There is a fact that EM waves could not be used in the underwater environment because the signal is highly attenuated by the water medium according to the distance, However, the reducing tendency is very clear and uniform. Thus, EM waves may be applied as underwater distance sensors. In this paper, on the basis of theory verification and several experiments carried out, calibration methods are developed in case of linear and planar environment. For three-dimensional localization in the underwater environment, it must consider antenna's radiation properties in an electric field plane which is called E-plane. It is shown that the proposed experimental methods might verify attenuation tendency with z axis movement, PLF (Polarization Loss Factor) and ILF (Inclination Loss Factor) with its theoretical approach.