The editorial process of Neurocirugia, which is the official journal of the Spanish Neurosurgical Society, will be changed in the immediate future. Together with the announcement of new instructions to the authors, we analyze some recent trends in the process of publication of biomedical research related to peer review methodology and the controversy of the "authors pays" vs "reader pays" models. The reasons for sustaining a national neurosurgical journal, the advantages for using either Spanish or English to writing the manuscripts, and the importance for Spanish neurosurgeons to reflect some of their scientific contributions and opinions concerning the present and future of our speciality in Neurocirugia are commented.