Antiallodynic and anti-inflammatory effects of intrathecal R-PIA in a rat model of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy

Background: Studies investigating the correlation between spinal adenosine A(1) receptors and vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) are limited. This study explored the role of intrathecal N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine R-(-)isomer (R-PIA) in the rat model of VIPN. Methods: Vincristine (100 mu g/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 10 days (two 5-day cycles with a 2-day pause) and VIPN was induced in rats. Pain was assessed by evaluating mechanical hyperalgesia, mechanical dynamic allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, and mechanical static allodynia. Biochemically, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured in the tissue from beneath the sciatic nerve. Results: Vincristine administration resulted in the development of cold allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical dynamic allodynia, and mechanical static allodynia. Intrathecally administered R-PIA (1.0 and 3.0 mu g/10 mu l) reversed vincristine-induced neuropathic pain (cold and mechanical static allodynia). The attenuating effect peaked 15 min after intrathecal administration of R-PIA after which it decreased until 180 min. However, pretreatment with 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 10 mu g/10 mu l) 15 min before intrathecal R-PIA administration significantly attenuated the antiallodynic effect of R-PIA. This antiallodynic effect of intrathecal R-PIA may be mediated through adenosine A(1) receptors in the spinal cord. Intrathecally administered R-PIA also attenuated vincristine-induced increases in TNF-alpha level and MPO activity. However, pretreatment with intrathecal DPCPX significantly reversed this attenuation. Conclusions: These results suggest that intrathecally administered R-PIA attenuates cold and mechanical static allodynia in a rat model of VIPN, partially due to its anti-inflammatory actions.