Psychiatric Management, Administration, and Leadership: a Continuum or Distinct Concepts?

To clarify the relationship between the concepts of management, administration, and leadership in psychiatry. The authors provide a review of the conceptual evolution of administrative psychiatry and develop operational definitions of these three domains. Based upon their experiences, they discuss relevant core competencies and personal attributes. The authors found that the terms psychiatric management, psychiatric administration, and psychiatric leadership are often used interchangeably, yet they each have a different and distinct focus. Additionally, some in the field consider the concepts overlapping, existing on a continuum, while others draw distinct conceptual boundaries between these terms. Psychiatrists in leadership positions function in all three domains. While these are distinct concepts, the authors recommend that administrative psychiatrists integrate all three in their everyday work. The authors suggest the distinctions among these concepts should inform training and identify core competencies related to these distinctions. Mentoring should focus on the practical integration of the concepts of management, administration, and leadership in administrative psychiatry. The authors present a cohesive framework for future development of a curriculum for education and research.