Modeling of coagulation-microfiltration hybrid process for treatment of oily wastewater using ceramic membranes

In this novel paper, fouling mechanisms of Mullite-alumina ceramic membranes in treatment of oily wastewaters in hybrid coagulation-microfiltration (MF) process have been presented. Hermia's models for cross flow filtration were used to investigate the fouling mechanisms of membranes at different time intervals with various coagulant concentrations. Four coagulant ((ferrous chloride (FeCl2 center dot 4H(2)O), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O), aluminum chloride (AlCl3 center dot 6H(2)O) and aluminum sulfate (Al-2(SO4 (-))(3) center dot 18H(2)O)) plus equal concentration of calcium hydroxide in form of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) were evaluated in the coagulation-MF hybrid process at different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm). To determine whether the data agree with any of the considered models, the coefficient of determination (R-2) of each plot for one model was compared with the others. In addition, average prediction errors of models are calculated. The results showed that the cake filtration model can be applied for prediction of the permeation flux decline for MF and coagulation-MF hybrid process with the best and worst average error equal to 0.96% and 5.78% respectively. Results indicated that by increasing time in filtration pore blocking behavior changes and one model cannot predict pore blocking behavior in all filtration time with very good preciseness.