Pathological gambling: Forensic issues

Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the literature describing the hypothesised link between crime and pathological gambling and its relevance to arguments of diminished responsibility. Method: An attempt was made to include all publications in the psychiatry and psychology literature which made reference to pathological gambling and criminal behaviours. Given the limited research in this field, specific unpublished conference papers were also included in the review. Results: Evidence supports the contention that pathological gamblers are at high risk for committing criminal offences in order to maintain their habitual gambling behaviours. An antisocial personality disorder while acting to increase the risk factor is in itself an insufficient explanation for the observed link, As a result of the acceptance of pathological gambling as a psychiatric disorder, the judicial system is being increasingly confronted with an argument of diminished responsibility for gambling-related offences committed by pathological gamblers. Conclusion: A diagnosis of pathological gambling does not diminish legal responsibility but is a factor that should be considered in sentencing. Referral to psychiatric services reduces the risk of recidivism.