Solid state electrolytes for electrochemical energy devices

The modern technology needs the electrochemical energy devices with increased safety, larger power and energy densities in addition to long cycle lifetime. The solid state electrolytes (SSE) have been developed due to the dramatic development of portable consumer electronics and the increasing concerns on flexibility of energy-storage devices as well as the elimination of some drawbacks of the liquid electrolytes. This review introduces all types of the SSEs for various electrochemical devices including batteries, fuel cells, solar cells and supercapacitors (SCs) with an emphasis on the SCs. The review is followed by the presentation of new SSEs containing redox agents, nano metal oxides and carbon materials along with the other nano fillers. Herein, we show that the use of novel SSEs could contribute greatly to enhance the electrochemical performance of the energy related devices with improved specific capacitances, energy and power densities.