A Bayesian approach with urban-scale energy model to calibrate building energy consumption for space heating: A case study of application in Beijing

Urban-scale energy model can be a crucial tool for evaluating and in turn propelling the implementation of energy efficiency and low carbon programs for buildings and cites. A variety of disputes on integrity and correctness lie in basic statistical data of China's building energy use. Inadequate information and performance gap caused by input uncertainties are the common obstacles to produce reliable energy modelling results. This paper develops a bottom-up approach to depict energy use intensity (EUI) for space heating of building in the urban level accurately, even if the data resource is inadequate and imprecise or the data are influenced by uncertain issues. A hybrid probability model is developed and the model parameters are calibrated by Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation using data set of meter reading from 2062 stochastic-sampled heating substations in Beijing. Preparation and simulation efforts of using this energy model are discussed, following this framework and adjusting according to local climate conditions, typological building characteristics and morphological urban-scale parameters. The results show that the approach is reliable and efficient to calibrate parameters in building energy models. The urban-scale benchmarks of EUI for space heating in Beijing is successfully performed to demonstrate the proposed methodology.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.