Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides Can Suppress Basophil Degranulation in Whole Blood of Peanut-Allergic Patients

Background: Dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have a protective effect against allergic manifestations in children at risk. Dietary intervention with NDOs promotes the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the gut and enhances serum galectin-9 levels in mice and atopic children. Next to this, NDOs also directly affect immune cells and low amounts may reach the blood. We investigated whether pre-incubation of whole blood from peanut-allergic patients with NDOs or galectin-9 can affect basophil degranulation. Methods: Heparinized blood samples from 15 peanut-allergic adult patients were pre-incubated with a mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/IcFOS), scFOS/IcFOS, or galectin-9 (1 or 5 mu g/mL) at 37 degrees C in the presence of IL-3 (0.75 ng/mL). After 2, 6, or 24 h, a basophil activation test was performed. Expression of Fc epsilon RI on basophils, plasma cytokine, and chemokine concentrations before degranulation were determined after 24 h. Results: Pre-incubation with scGOS/IcFOS, scFOS/IcFOS, or galectin-9 reduced anti-IgE-mediated basophil degranulation. scFOS/IcFOS or 5 mu g/mL galectin-9 also decreased peanut-specific basophil degranulation by approximately 20%, mainly in whole blood from female patients. Inhibitory effects were not related to diminished FceRI expression on basophils. Galectin-9 was increased in plasma after pre-incubation with scGOS/IcFOS, and both NDOs and 5 pg/mL galectin-9 increased MCP-1 production. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The prebiotic mixture scFOS/IcFOS and galectin- can contribute to decreased degranulation of basophils in vitro in peanut-allergic patients. The exact mechanism needs to be elucidated, but these NDOs might be useful in reducing allergic symptoms.