Medication reconciliation in a Swiss hospital: methods, benefits and pitfalls

Objectives To assess the feasibility and main obstacles to the implementation of a medication reconciliation (MR) process in a Swiss hospital and to develop a standardised method which can be used in similar healthcare systems. Methods For this prospective, observational singlecentre and single-ward study, a best possible medication history (BPMH) was established by a clinical pharmacist for 147 patients with heart failure based on two sources and a patient interview for each case. Identified discrepancies with medication histories established during emergency service were conveyed to the ward physician. At the end of each hospital stay, the planned discharge treatments were compared with the BPMHs to identify discrepancies and to propose modifications. After a final validation, the comparative treatment plans were distributed. Results MR was conducted for 120 (82%) patients and the mean time needed was 74 min/patient. At least one discrepancy was identified among 94% of the patients on admission, with 4.1 discrepancies found per patient (mainly omissions). At discharge, 83% of the patients had at least one discrepancy, with 2.3 discrepancies found per patient (mainly unintentional substitutions). The majority (86%) of pharmaceutical interventions to adjust the discharge prescriptions were accepted by the physician. Conclusions A standardised method of MR which offers precise definitions of discrepancies and key tools for the process was developed. This method was applicable to most of our cohort and it effectively identified medication discrepancies. Two potential obstacles for its implementation are the time needed for MR and the questionable impact of pharmaceutical interventions on discrepancies.