Intuitive eating and its psychological correlates: A meta-analysis

Objective Intuitive eating is an adaptive style of eating that has generated significant research attention. Theoretically, intuitive eating is a core construct that features prominently in the Acceptance Model of Intuitive Eating, a framework that explains how positive environmental influences can foster intuitive eating practices via body appreciation. Empirically, intuitive eating has been connected to a broad range of adaptive mental health indices. At present, a quantitative synthesis of intuitive eating and its correlates has yet to be conducted. This was the objective of the current meta-analysis. Method Ninety-seven studies (89% cross-sectional) were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted on 23 psychological correlates, divided into three clusters: eating behavior and body image disturbances, positive body image and other adaptive factors, and general psychopathology. Meta-analytic path analyses were also computed to test the validity of the Acceptance Model. Results Intuitive eating was inversely associated with multiple indices of eating pathology, body image disturbances, and psychopathology (rs = -.23 to -.58). Intuitive eating was positively associated with numerous positive psychological constructs, such as positive body image, self-esteem, and wellbeing (rs = .20 to .58). Men reported higher levels of intuitive eating than women (d = 0.39), with differences being largest in Caucasian samples. Meta-analytic path analyses strongly supported the hypothesized pathways specified in the Acceptance Model of Intuitive Eating. Conclusions There is a strong evidence base for intuitive eating's connection to numerous adaptive psychological constructs. Attention should now shift toward prospective and experimental designs so that the temporal nature of these relationships can be identified.