Design and operation of high-rate filters

Filtration is the fundamental system in a water treatment process train that removes suspended solids, including microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, and parasite eggs. To constrain costs, the design of any filter should be simple, reliable, proven, easy to build, and easy to operate; and it should require the minimum capital, operation, and maintenance costs while providing maximum operational flexibility A robust filter design should be based on knowledge, experience, and user feedback. This article provides practical guidance on the design of high-rate filtration systems.