Short or long schemes of antibiotic prophylaxis for prostate biopsy. A multicentre prospective randomised study

Objective. - We compared the incidence of the Urinary Tract Infection between a single preoperative dose and a three-day antibiotic prophylaxis regimen for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy in randomized multicenter trial. Material and methods. - Between February 2006 and December 2007, 322 men who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were included in a multicentre prospective randomised study. Patients received antibiotic prophylaxis by ciprofloxacin orally, either 1 g single dose two hours before the biopsy (Group 1: n=139) or a prolonged prophylaxis for three days (Group 2: n=149). Assessment five days before and five days following the biopsy included a clinical examination, biological tests and a self-questionnaire. Results. - Two patients developed prostatitis, one in each group: 0.75% of the first group, 0.69% of the second. Twelve developed asymptomatic bacteriuria, six in each group: 4.51% of the first group and 4.19% of the second. There was no significant difference between the two groups (Fisher test; p > 0.9). Conclusions. - There was no significant difference between the two antibiotic prophylaxis regimen (one single dose or three days) for patients undergoing TRUS guided biopsies. Therefore, the single preoperative dose should be the preferred option. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves.