Mathematical Model of a Monocopter Based on Unsteady Blade-Element Momentum Theory

This paper presents a simplified nonlinear dynamic mathematical model of a monocopter. A monocopter is an all-rotating unmanned aerial vehicle with a design inspired by a samara, which is the seed from a maple tree. The aim of the model is to describe the essential dynamics of a monocopter in various regimes of flight. The model is based on the unsteady blade-element momentum theory and combines methodologies that are found both in helicopter and wind turbine theories. A qualitative validation of the proposed model shows that the obtained simulation results are in good agreement with the empirical findings and the simulation results of a more advanced monocopter model. The results also agree with the predictions based on helicopter theory and the stability study of a samara seed. The paper demonstrates that simpler methods (such as the unsteady blade-element momentum theory) could be applied to develop efficient and computationally undemanding monocopter models, which are suitable for further research in the field of monocopter sensor and control systems.