Changes in objectively measured lifestyle factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in community-dwelling older adults

Background In this manuscript, we investigate whether objectively measured lifestyle factors, including walking steps, sedentary time, amount of unforced physical activity, level of slight and energetic physical activity, conversation time, and sleep parameters, were altered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults. Methods Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study conducted from 2015 to 2019 and a subsequent dementia prevention study undertaken in September 2020. Community-dwelling adults aged >= 65 years wore wearable sensors before and during the pandemic. Results A total of 56 adults were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 74.2 +/- 3.9 years, and 58.9% (n = 33) of the participants were female. Moderate and vigorous physical activity time significantly decreased, and sedentary time significantly increased during the pandemic. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate differences in objectively assessed lifestyle factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults. The findings show that the pandemic has adversely affected physical activity among older adults living on their own in Japan.