Black carbon emissions in the United Kingdom during the past four decades: an empirical analysis

被引:22
|
作者
Novakov, T
Hansen, JE
机构
[1] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environnm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA
基金
美国国家航空航天局;
关键词
black carbon; black smoke; emission trends; sources; technology factor;
D O I
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.031
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
We use data from a unique 40-year record of 150 urban and rural stations in the "Black Smoke and SO2 Network" in Great Britain to infer information about sources of atmospheric black carbon (BC). The data show a rapid decline of ambient atmospheric BC between 1962 and the early 1990s that exceeds the decline in official estimates of BC emissions based only on amount of fuel use and mostly fixed emission factors. This provides empirical confirmation of the existence and large impact of a time-dependent "technology factor" that must multiply the rate of fossil fuel use. Current ambient BC amounts in Great Britain comparable to those in western and central Europe, with diesel engines being the principal present source. From comparison of BC and SO2 data we infer that current BC emission inventories understate true emissions in the UK by about a factor of two. The results imply that there is the potential for improved technology to achieve large reduction of global ambient BC. There is a need for comparable monitoring of BC in other countries. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:4155 / 4163
页数:9
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