Quantification of Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Volunteers and Type 1 Diabetic Patients: Comparison of MRI Arterial Spin Labeling and [15O]H2O Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Purpose: To compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) values measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL) with those obtained with [O-15]H2O positron emission tomography (PET), the gold standard for measuring CBF in vivo. Materials and Methods: Data were collected in 11 healthy men and in 20 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched type 1 diabetic men. Pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) data were acquired at 3 T and [O-15]H2O PET scans were acquired using a high-resolution PET scanner. Input functions were obtained using on-line arterial blood sampling. Whole brain and regional CBF values were compared. Results: For both modalities, whole brain CBF was similar in both subject groups. In groups combined, average whole brain CBF was 0.30 0.05 mL center dot cm(-3)center dot min(-1) for [O-15]H2O PET and 0.34 +/- 0.05 mL center dot cm(-3)center dot min(-1) for ASL MRI (P < 0.01). A significant correlation between methods was observed for whole brain, gray and white matter. In 12 out of 33 brain regions a significant difference between methods was observed. Conclusion: PCASL provides CBF values that correlate with [O-15]H2O PET-derived values, but is less accurate. PCASL may be an attractive alternative when absolute quantification is not needed.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1300-1309. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.